Let's say we have two cultures: Culture A and Culture B, existing on the same world.
Culture A is technologically advanced. With that technology it does many good things, like heal gravely sick people or save endangered species. Equally, with that technology, society does some bad things, like make war on nations within that culture.
Culture B, in contrast, is pre-Stone Age. Their technology is almost non-existent. They don't even farm; they're hunter/gatherers. Culture B also practices ritualistic murder and cannibalism. They attack or abduct members of other tribes within their culture, then kill and eat those individuals. Sometimes they kill and eat members of Culture A who have wandered into their territory.
If Culture A forces Culture B to stop ritualistic murder and cannibalism, is Culture A wrong for doing so? What about if doing so rips the entire fabric of Culture B's life, which revolves around ritualistic murder and cannibalism, thereby forcing Culture B to dissolve and become part of Culture A? Is Culture A a superior culture for doing this in the name of stopping ritualistic murder and cannibalism?
No, I'm not taking an anthropology class and hoping someone will answer my exam questions. Actually, I'm currently reading a book about New Guinea, the larger island sitting just to the north of us here in Australia. Certain pre-Stone Age tribes in New Guinea practiced ritualistic murder and cannibalism well into the twentieth century, and the practices may not have died out entirely even today.
The book has a politically correct subtext of sorts that western culture was somehow wrong to impose its morality on the cannibals to compel them to stop eating other people. This has forever altered the cannibals way of life and affected their artwork. While the author never comes out and says this was
wrong per se, there's some condescending subtext about how westerners can't understand the importance of cannibalism to the New Guinea cultures and that respectful distance is warranted.
I disagree. In my opinion, Culture A has a moral responsibility to force Culture B to stop ritualistic murder and cannibalism as soon as possible. Actually, I don't care so much about cannibalism, because you won't have that unless you first have ritualistic murder. It also should be noted here that some of the warring New Guinea tribes kidnapped, killed, and then ate small children.
I'm reminded of that horrible scene in Cormac McCarthy's brilliant dystopian novel
The Road, where the central character accidentally discovers a group of people cooking a human baby. There, society has deteriorated to such a point where people will do anything to survive, including eat each other.
Yes, we in western culture still do terrible things. Weapons of mass destruction are evidence of that. But homicide is not central to our culture. We do not celebrate it, revel in it, glory in it, as some of the New Guinea cannibals did (and possibly still do). Our entire world does not revolve around it, as was the case for the New Guinea peoples.
Killing other people is wrong, and if a culture's entire existence revolves around killing other people, then they must be made to stop, even if it means dismantling their entire culture and subsuming them into western culture.
Otherwise, the Nurenberg Trials were a waste of time.